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Alaric MaudeAssociate Professor (semi-retired)
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Contact Details |
Qualifications
BA (Syd) 1961, PhD (ANU) 1965
Brief History
I did my first degree at Sydney University, majoring in Geography and History, followed by a year of Geography Honours. After a year in the Commonwealth Public Service in Canberra (Department of Trade) I went back to the academic world in 1961 as a PhD student in the Department of Geography at the Australian National University, where my supervisors were first Oskar Spate and then Harold Brookfield. I was appointed to a Lectureship at the University of Tasmania in 1964. I joined Flinders University in 1967, in its second year of operation, and retired in 2004. In between I did research in Indonesia and Malaysia, spent study leaves at the Universiti Sains Malaysia, the University of East Anglia and the University of Toronto, and was resident external examiner at the Universiti Kebangsaan in Malaysia. Other highlights were training Peace Corps volunteers going to Tonga in 1967, and a few months as a World Bank consultant on transmigration in Indonesia in 1976. On retirement I was awarded Full Academic Status, which apparently allows me to do almost anything, so I continue to do some teaching, graduate student supervision and research..
Current Teaching
Current PhD student supervision:
- Junus Matakena
- Kristine Peters
- Ali Said
- Jillian Marsh (University of Adelaide)
Research Areas
Regional and local economic development; environmentally sustainable regional development.
Consultancy Capacities
Regional and local economic development; environmentally sustainable regional development.
Current Professional Service
- Editor, South Australian Geographical Journal 2005-
- Secretary, Institute of Australian Geographers 2004-
Past Scholarly Activities and Publications
My research has been broadly concerned with aspects of regional development. The location of the research has moved from the Pacific Islands in the 1960s to Southeast Asia in the 1970s and 1980s and finally to Australia since the 1990s. The research questions have evolved from population pressure in agricultural regions, through the outcomes of lagging regional development (such as out-migration), and strategies to address them (such as small town development), to a central concern with the processes and practice of regional development, and most recently with the methods that can be used to make regional development more environmentally sustainable.
The Historical Geography of Norfolk Island
My Honours thesis at Sydney University in 1959 was a study of the historical geography of Norfolk Island, although now I would interpret it as an historical study of regional development. The island was settled as a branch of the penal colony at Port Jackson from 1788 to 1814, as a harsh prison settlement between 1825 and 1855, and as the home of the descendants of the Bounty mutineers relocated from Pitcairn Island in 1856. The same small island was therefore used by different peoples at different times for different purposes, and so provided an interesting experiment in historical geography. The thesis examined the geographical, social, economic and political factors that had influenced the use of the island over this period.
Maude, A. 1961, ‘The development of the Pitcairner settlement on Norfolk Island’, Australian Geographer, vol. 8, pp. 103-115.
Maude, A. 1964, ‘Norfolk Island today’ and ‘The history of Norfolk Island’, in A.S.C. Ross and A.W. Moverley, The Pitcairnese language, Andre Deutsch, London.
Population Pressure in Tonga
My PhD thesis at the Australian National University (1962-64) was a study of land shortage and population pressure in the Kingdom of Tonga. Work undertaken for the thesis was developed into an examination of the effects of population growth on agricultural systems in Tonga.
Maude, A. 1970, ‘Shifting cultivation and population growth in Tonga’, Journal of Tropical Geography, vol. 31, pp. 57-64.
Maude, A. 1973, ‘Land shortage and population pressure in Tonga’, in H.C. Brookfield (ed.), The Pacific in transition, Edward Arnold, London, pp. 163-185.
Land tenure in Tonga
Another project developed out of my PhD was a study of the unique land tenure system of Tonga. This evaluated the extent to which the system provided a sound basis for agricultural development, and whether modifications were needed to cope with population growth and commercialisation.
Maude, A. 1971, ‘Tonga: equality overtaking privilege’, in R.G. Crocombe (ed.), Land tenure in the Pacific, R.G. Crocombe, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, pp. 106-128.
Outmigration in West Sumatra
This project, based on intensive household research, examined aspects of outmigration in the province of West Sumatra, Indonesia. The Minangakabau people of West Sumatra had long been noted for a high level of outmigration and a tradition of eventual return home, with both being explained by specific features of Minangkabau culture and social structure. The research, however, demonstrated that patterns of migration varied widely from region to region within the province, and that economic motives were the main reason for migration. In addition, I showed that there was a decline in the extent to which migrants returned home (whether temporarily or permanently), and that this was likely to lead to a reduction in the flow of resources from migrants back to their home villages, with significant implications for the regional economy.
Maude, A. 1979, ‘Inter-village differences in out-migration in West Sumatra’, Journal of Tropical Geography, vol. 49, pp. 41-54.
Maude, A. 1979, ‘How circular is Minangkabau migration?’, Indonesian Journal of Geography, vol. 9, no. 37, pp. 1-12.
Regional Development in North Kelantan, Malaysia
North Kelantan, like West Sumatra, is a region in which economic development has lagged behind other regions, and outmigration is strong. This project involved a detailed assessment, based on household surveys, of the economic effects of outmigration from villages. It found that while the income resulting from population mobility was a major contributor to the economy of some households, and a useful supplement for many others, the net benefits to the rural economy as a whole from mobility were relatively small. In addition, the project addressed regional development policy issues in an assessment of a growing body of literature that advocated a small town focus in rural development strategies.
Maude, A. 1981, ‘Population mobility and rural households in North Kelantan, Malaysia’, in Population mobility and development: Southeast Asia and the Pacific, G.W. Jones and H.V. Richter (eds), Australian National University, Development Studies Centre, Monograph 27, pp. 93-115.
Maude, A. 1983, ‘The role of small towns in rural development: a view from the village’, Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography, vol. 8, pp. 40-48.
Teaching an Integrated Geography
In 1986 Ken Bardsley and I developed GEOG 1001 Water Resources and Society into a topic that attempted to integrate physical and human geography. The results of that experiment were published in:
Maude, A. 1991, ‘Integrating human and physical geography? Teaching a first year course in environmental geography’, Journal of Geography in Higher Education, vol. 15, pp. 113-122.
See also:
Maude, A. 2006, ‘A review and commentary. Unifying geography: Common heritage, shared future’, Geographical Research, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 12-16.
Mining Settlements in Australia
A request to write a chapter with Graeme Hugo for a book on mine closures led to work on the demographic, economic and locational characteristics of Australian mining towns, and an assessment of their vulnerability in the event of downturns in mining employment or the complete closure of mines.
Maude, A. and Hugo, G. 1992, ‘Mining settlements in Australia’, in C. Neil, M. Tykkylainen and J. Bradbury (eds), Coping with closure: an international comparison of mine town experiences, Routledge, London, pp. 66-94.
Regional Cities in Australia
In the 1990s I worked on several projects with Andrew Beer. The first of these was a study commissioned by the Commonwealth Department of Housing and Regional Development into the factors causing the growth or decline of Australia’s non-capital (i.e. regional) cities. The publications resulting from the study led to a significant reappraisal of Australia’s regional cities, as we found much more dynamism and growth than those who commissioned the work had expected.
Beer, A., Bolam, A. and Maude, A. 1994, Beyond the capitals: urban growth in regional Australia, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, xix, 281 pp.
Maude, A., Beer, A., and Bolam, A. 1995, ‘Regional cities in Australia’, Central Queensland Journal of Regional Development, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 31-43.
Regional Development in Australia
Since 1990 my research and teaching interests have been mainly in the area of local and regional development, particularly in Australia. Some of my experience in this area is incorporated in the three chapters (chapters 3, 6 and 10) that I contributed to a book on regional development in Australia.
Beer, A., Maude, A. and Pritchard, B. 2003, Developing Australia’s regions: theory and practice, UNSW Press, Sydney, xvi, 309 pp.
I have also reviewed research on regional development in Australia in:
Maude, A. 2004, ‘Regional development processes and policies in Australia: a review of research 1990–2002’, European Planning Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 3-26.
Regional Development Agencies in Australia
The second joint project with Andrew Beer was a study of regional development agencies in Australia. This project sought to identify the factors that contributed to the effectiveness of these agencies in promoting local and regional development, and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the different frameworks developed in each State and Territory to support them.
Beer, A. and Maude, A. 1997, Effectiveness of State frameworks for local economic development, Local Government Association of South Australia, Adelaide.
Maude, A. and Beer, A. 2000, ‘Regional development agencies in Australia: a comparative evaluation of institutional strengths and weaknesses’, Town Planning Review, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 1-24.
The project developed into a comparative international study of regional development agencies, with a second survey of Australian agencies, and identical surveys of agencies in the United States, Northern Ireland and England undertaken by colleagues in those countries. The study examined the resources, objectives and activities of agencies, and their views on the factors that influenced their effectiveness.
Beer, A., Haughton, G. and Maude, A. (eds) 2003, Developing locally: comparing local economic development across four nations, Policy Press, Bristol.
Beer, A., Haughton, G., Maude, A. and Clower, T. 2005, ‘Neoliberalism and institutions for regional development in Australia’, Geographical Research, vol. 43, pp. 49-58.
Beer, A. and Maude, A. 2005, 'Governance and the performance of regional development agencies in Australia', in R. Eversole and J. Martin (eds), Participation and governance in regional development: global trends in an Australian context, Ashgate, Aldershot, pp. 61-77.
The findings of this study have been incorporated in a short paper that comments on aspects of a recent Commonwealth Government report. This report was on the impediments to and opportunities for regional business growth, and recommended a restructuring of the local and regional organisations involved in economic development.
Maude, A. and Beer, A. 2003, ‘Reforming the structure of regional development agencies in Australia’, Sustaining Regions, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 29-34.
Community Development and the Delivery of Housing Assistance in non-metropolitan Australia
This AHURI project, again undertaken with Andrew Beer, reviewed current policies to address regional disadvantage in non-metropolitan Australia and internationally, identified successful practice and evaluated its applicability to non-metropolitan Australia, and assessed the ways in which housing policy could be integrated with these regional development policies. The project involved extensive literature reviews, interviews with key informants, and case studies of three regional cities in South Australia.
Beer, A. and Maude, A. 2002, Community development and the delivery of housing assistance in non-metropolitan Australia: a literature review and pilot study: final report, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, Melbourne (available at http://www.ahuri.edu.au)
Maude, A. 2002, An area based strategy for social inclusion in regional cities: an assessment, in Social inclusion and housing: developing research and policy agendas, seminar proceedings, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, Southern Research Centre, Adelaide.
A History of Geography at Flinders University, 1966-2003
A request to write a short history of the Discipline/Department/School of Geography at Flinders University since its establishment in 1966 produced the following:
Maude, A. 2004, ‘Geography at Flinders University, 1966-2003’, South Australian Geographical Journal, vol. 102, pp. 41-61.
Submissions
To the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Employment and Workplace Relations Inquiry into Employment: increasing participation in paid work, in 2004 (with Andrew Beer). The submission is available at www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/ewrwp/paidwork/subs/sub43.pdf.
To the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Environment and Heritage
Inquiry into a sustainability charter, in 2006. The submission is available
at www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/environ/charter/subs/sub021.pdf.
Current Research
The role of Geography in Teaching and Research on Environmental Sustainability
I am currently writing a paper with Marcus Lane, CSIRO, Brisbane, on ‘Geography, geographers and sustainability: issues, linkages, gaps’.
Bibliography of Geographical Research on South Australia
I compile a biennial bibliography of research on the geography of South Australia, broadly defined, for the South Australian Geographical Journal. The first of these is:
Maude, A. 2005, 'A bibliography of research on the geography of South Australia: 2002-2005', South Australian Geographical Journal, vol. 104, pp. 115-125.
The second will be published in 2008.
Environmentally Sustainable Regional Development (ESRD)
My main interest in retirement is to examine how the objectives of environmental sustainability and regional development can be integrated, so that one contributes to the achievement of the other. This involves finding answers to three central questions:
1. How can measures to improve environmental sustainability be designed so that they also contribute to the maintenance or growth of jobs and incomes in regions?
2. How can strategies to promote regional economic development be designed so that they also contribute to environmental sustainability?
3. What methods and tools can be used to integrate environmental objectives into economic decisions at the regional level, and regional development objectives into decisions about environmental management strategies?
The aim of the project is to examine these issues in Australia, using the experience of other countries as a guide, and to develop proposals for effective policies and strategies to integrate regional development and environmental sustainability.
I presented a paper on: ‘Are measures to improve environmental sustainability a threat to regional development, or an opportunity for regional development practitioners?’ at the 2006 ANZRSAI Conference in Beechworth, Victoria, in September 2006.
Following visits to Sweden and Scotland in April 2007, I am writing a paper on the methods used in these nations to integrate environmental sustainability objectives into their regional development programs.
Rural Innovation in Australia
I am currently working with Andrew Beer and Michael Kroehn on a project on rural innovation in Australia, examining the roles of the sectoral or industry policies of central government agencies, on the one hand, and of local and regional agencies, on the other, in the promotion of innovation.
Recent Consultancies
Consultant to the City of Onkaparinga Social Capital Surveys Project, 2001.
Evaluator for the Southern & Inner West Community Capacity Building Project, 2003-2004.
Report for the South Australian Office of Regional Affairs on regional economic impact assessment tools, 2004-2005.
Research consultant to the Elder Friendly Communities Project, 2005-.
Report for the South Australian Office of Regional Affairs on best practice in regional economic development, 2006 (with Andrew Beer and Selina Tually).
Report for the City of Adelaide Council on international best practice in investment attraction (with Andrew Beer and Michael Kroehn)
Last updated 18 January 2008
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